Books written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

New Zealand: 2015 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for New Zealand

... New Zealand International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept. balance sheets (LVR >80 percent) to 13.4 percent as at December 2015, thus improving resilience of the financial system to a housing market downturn. Risks around the New ...

Exchange Rates and Trade Balance Adjustment in Emerging Market Economies

The paper finds that simple econometric specifications yield surprising rich and complex dynamics -- relative prices respond to the nominal exchange rate and pass-through effects, import and export volumes respond to relative price changes, ...

The People's Republic of China: 2016 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for The...

... 繁荣往往悲惨收场 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 来源:基金组织工作人员的估计和预测。来源:CEIC数据有限公司;以及基金组织工作人员的估计。 10.中期增长 ... 无序违约、资产价格暴跌以及刺激 ...

India: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for India

Further structural reforms, including to address the adverse impact of climate change, are needed to secure strong and sustainable growth.

People's Republic of China: Selected Issues

... inequality and social disparities during China's economic reform,” Policy Research Working Paper 4253, World Bank ... Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies”, IMF WP forthcoming Li, S., Wan, G., and Zhuang, J., 2014, “Income inequality and ...

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Asia Pacific

... South Asia would also stand to gain from catching up with regional peers on financial inclusion, especially through greater use of fintech. • •. The. Policy. Agenda. To create more and better jobs, South Asia needs to invest in people and ...

People’s Republic of China: Selected Issues

... 第三支柱养老保险将为社会保障改革提供补充,并可能会减少整体储蓄。第三支柱的目的是为退休作准备而储蓄,其是社会养老保险的补充而不是替代,25其同时能支持国内资本市场的发展。相对于二十国集团中的大多数其他成员而言,中国基金型的养老金资产水平偏低 ...

People’s Republic of China: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the People’s...

... 碳定价机制,其推出是一个 8.0 里程碑。这一机制覆盖了电力行业和中国约 60 7.0 40%的二氧化碳排放,有望最终通过高效且具有 ... 价格大多由行政 50 6.0 40 5.0 48.然而,单靠经济再平衡不足以实现中中国:碳排放权交易体系的交易价格和数量已下降国的气候目标 ...

Japan: Selected Issues

This Selected Issues paper analyzes reasons behind low levels of private investment in Japan. Private investment in Japan not only appears low, but also seems to have underperformed relative to other advanced economies.

India: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Statement and Statement by the Executive Director for India

... Asia and Pacific Dept. • India 2017 G20 Median 90% Confidence Interval 0.6 ... use digitization and digital (Excluding no contact), 2017 technology to ... Is South Asia Ready for Take Off? A Sustainable and Inclusive Growth Agenda ...

Increasing Resilience to Large and Volatile Capital Flows: The Role of Macroprudential Policies - Case Studies

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People’s Republic of China: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Statement and Statement by the Executive Director for...

... 扩张性的宏观经济政策并实施结构性改革。 65.贸易紧张局势的不确定性仍然较高,风险偏向下行。从消极方面来看,贸易紧张局势进一步升级可能导致关税上升,扰乱供应链,抑制信心和投资。金融脆弱性也可能放大贸易冲击或其他国内风险的影响,后者包括房地产市场 ...