The tropical oceans play important roles in the global climate system through ocean transports of heat and freshwater as well as ocean–atmosphere interactions. The developments in observational networks during recent decades have helped us to quantify the strength and variability of most of the ocean general circulations responsible for the transports. Those are discussed in detail in individual sections covering each tropical basin separately with a special emphasis on recent research results. Shallow overturning cells observed in all three tropical basins as well as the deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are such examples that are linked to ocean and climate variations on multiple timescales. In addition, tropical ocean–atmosphere interactions associated with oceanic planetary waves cause large-scale climate variations such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole, Atlantic Niño, and ENSO Modoki. Recent advances in numerical modeling augmented by in situ and satellite observations are helping the research community to understand ocean process and to predict associated climate variations on seasonal to longer timescales.
In: Goni, G.J., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. (Eds.), Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean. Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser., vol. 68. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 411–442, Chapter 16. Johnson, G.C., Zhang, D., 2003.
The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation.
Frankignoul C, Sennéchael N. Observed influence of North Pacific SST anomalies on the atmospheric circulation. J Clim. 2007;20:592–606. ... Fratantoni DM, Bower AS, Johns WE, Peters H. Somali Current rings in the eastern Gulf of Aden.
OpenAD/F: a modular, opensource tool for automatic differentiation of Fortran codes. ACM Trans Math Softw. ... Vinogradova NT, Ponte RM, Tamisiea ME, Quinn KJ, Hill EM, Davis JL. Selfattraction and loading effects on ocean mass ...
An inherent feature of the climate is its strong variability on a vast range of timescales, from seasonal to multimillennial and beyond.
The Southern Ocean circulation connects the ocean basins as well as the upper and deep layers of the ocean. As a result, the region has a profound influence on the global ocean circulation and climate.
How do ecosystems react to anthropogenic pressure? This text gives a simple introduction to the concepts, the methods and the applications of marine geochemistry with a particular emphasis on isotopic tracers.
This is the first book to deal with all aspects of the ocean's large-scale meridional overturning circulation, and is a coherent presentation, from a mechanistic point of view, of our current understanding of paleo, present-day, and future ...
A broad perspective of the ocean as a key component of the Earth System and of its role in the past, present, and future climate change is provided.
The book moves smoothly from fundamental principles to topics of current research interest, including natural climate variability, such as El Ni o, and the daunting challenge of man-made climate change, or global warming.