Autonomic Nervous System: Chapter 27. Pathology of emesis: its autonomic basis

Autonomic Nervous System: Chapter 27. Pathology of emesis: its autonomic basis
ISBN-10
0128080019
ISBN-13
9780128080016
Series
Autonomic Nervous System
Category
Medical
Pages
464
Language
English
Published
2013-11-11
Publisher
Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Author
William L. Hasler

Description

Vagal and non-vagal pathways as well as several brainstem nuclei participate in vomiting in response to different emetic stimuli. Autonomic pathways involved in nausea are less well understood. Numerous gastrointestinal disorders with prominent nausea and vomiting including gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and motion sickness have associated autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Autonomic disturbances are also seen with non-gastrointestinal diseases with gut manifestations such as migraine headaches, orthostatic intolerance, and familial dysautonomia. Stimulation of emetic pathways involves activation of a range of receptor subtypes. Agents acting on these receptors form the basis for antiemetic therapies. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, a prevalent and severe consequence of anticancer treatment, is preventable in many instances by agents acting on the autonomic nervous system. Likewise, non-medication therapies may act in part via modulation of some of these same autonomic pathways.

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