'Institutions fix the confines of and impose form upon the activities of human beings.' --Walton Hamilton, 'Institutions', 1932. The 'World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets' undertakes the complex issue of the basic institutions needed for markets to function properly. This year's 'World Development Report' goes beyond a simple examination of institutional structure and explores the functions of institutions. Recognizing that one size does not fit all, the report asks what do all institutions which support markets do? The answer is simple: Institutions channel information, define and enforce property rights, and increase or prevent competition. Understanding the functions that current institutions and their proposed replacements would provide is the first step. The report contends that once you have identified the institutional functions that are missing, you can then build effective institutions by following some basic principles: - Complement what exists already - in terms of other supporting institutions, human capacities, and technology. - Innovate to suit local norms and conditions. Experimenting with new structures can provide a country with creative solutions that work. - Connect communities of market players through open information flows and open trade. Open trade and information flows create demand for new institutions and improve the functioning of existing structures. - Compete among jurisdictions, firms, and individuals. Increased competition creates demand for new institutions as old ones lose their effectiveness. It also affects how people behave - improving institutional quality. These broad lessons and careful analyses, which links theory with pertinent evidence, are provided in the report. 'World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets' contains selected 'World Development Indicators'.
... industrialisation without side-effects', but it did not say how this desirable trajectory of change was to be achieved (Clarke and Timberlake 1982, p.
Vaccination programs had been introduced and were proving so successful that we needed to ensure the program was taken up by the general population.The book records the results of infectious diseases as seen through the eyes of a nursing ...
This text explains the unprecedented progress that has been made in many parts of the developing world but fully confronts the enormous problems and challenges that remain to be addressed in th
Environment and Sustainability in the Third World William M. Adams, William Mark Adams. and environmental degradation have been challenged by studies ( e.g. in Machakos , Kenya ) of agricultural intensification and sustainability .
Leading Social Entrepreneurs
Partners in Development: Report of the Commission on International Development
Allgood, S., and Snow, A. 1998. The marginal cost of raising tax revenue ... Commodity taxation and social welfare: The generalized Ramsey rule. ... Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. de Melo, Jaime, and S. Robinson. 1989.
Macroeconomic Policies and Long-term Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Review
To name only a few in addition to those in notes 5 and 9 : Margaret Mead , Ruth Benedict , Ruth Bunzel , H. Powdermaker , J. La Fontaine , Laura Bohannan , L. Spindler , Elinor Leacock , Monica Wilson , Lucy Mair , Dora Earthy ...
An important link has been found between parental education , particularly the level of a mother's education , and a child's health . Among the numerous studies of the impact of parental education on child mortality and on child ...