In 1391 many of the Jews of Spain were forced to convert to Christianity, creating a new group whose members would be continually seeking a niche for themselves in society. The question of identity was to play a central role in the lives of these and later converts whether of Spanish or Portuguese heritage, for they could not return to Judaism as long as they remained on the Peninsula, and their place in the Christian world would never be secure. This book considers the history of the Iberian conversos-both those who remained in Spain and Portugal and those who emigrated. Wherever they resided the question of identity was inescapable. The exile who chose France or England, where Jews could not legally reside, was faced with different considerations and options than the converso who chose Holland, a newly formed Protestant country where Jews had not previously resided. Choosing Italy entailed a completely different set of options and dilemmas. Ren?e Levine Melammed compares and contrasts the lives of the New Christians of the Iberian Peninsula with those of these countries and the development of their identity and sense of ethnic solidarity with "those of the Nation." Exploring the knotty problem of identity she examines a great variety of individual choices and behaviors. Some conversos tried to be sincere Catholics and were not allowed to do so. Others tried but failed either theologically or culturally. While many eventually opted to form Jewish communities outside the Peninsula, others were unable to make a total commitment to Judaism and became "cultural commuters" who could and did move back and forth between two worlds whereas others had "fuzzy" or attenuated Jewish identities. In addition, the encounter with modernity by the descendants of conversos is examined in three communities, Majorca, Belmonte (Portugal) and the Southwestern United States, revealing that even today the question of identity is still a pressing issue. Offering the only broad historical survey of this fascinating and complex group of migrants, this book will appeal to a wide range of academic and general readers.
'Harry Fletcher, I am arresting you for ...' Backup was there. The street was half empty. It was all over in seconds. Fifteen minutes later Harry Fletcher was in front of the desk sergeant; twenty, and he was banged up. jubilant sent ...
Long-forgotten scandals.
Notes of a Native Son
This book considers the history of the Iberian conversos-both those who remained in Spain and Portugal and those who emigrated.
By nightfall, one man had been arrested: Joseph Marshall, in his late fifties, with mustache and graying hair, “crippled in both feet, and one leg . . . considerably shorter than the other.” The next morning, the second tramp was ...
"A spectacular collection of essays by the most noted theorists of identity. The book well frames the issues around identity that presently are defining living in the early 21st century ... A must read.
... of such categorical polarities, and above all of their combination, can be taken as stemming from the realm of culture. We should notice that each of these polarities, whether directly or obliquely, delimits a different field in ...
Filled with fascinating people and histories, The Address Book illuminates the complex and sometimes hidden stories behind street names and their power to name, to hide, to decide who counts, who doesn’t—and why.
A Question of Color details Daniel's upbringing, subsequent 25 year search for his birth mother and his choosing to be neither black or white - but to just be American.
An award-winning author explores why so many people commit crimes in the name of identity. "Makes for compelling reading in America today."--"The New York Times."