The reign of King Stephen (1135-54) is famous as a period of weak government, as Stephen and his rival the Empress Matilda contended for power. This is a study of medieval kingship at its most vulnerable. It also shows how individuals and institutions enabled the monarchy to survive.A contemporary chronicler described the reign as "nineteen long winters in which Christ and his saints were asleep". Historians today refer to it simply as 'the Anarchy'.The weakness of government was the result of a disputed succession. Stephen lost control over Normandy, the Welsh marches, and much of the North. Contemporaries noted as signs of weakness the tyranny of the lords of castles, and the break-down of coinage. Stephen remained king for his lifetime,but leading churchmen and laymen negotiated a settlement whereby the crown passed to the Empress's son the future Henry II.This volume by leading scholars gives an original and up-to-date analysis of these major themes, and explains how the English monarchy was able to survive the Anarchy of King Stephen's reign.
在大学里撰写研究报告、本科硕士论文、博士论文的学生们现在正生活在一个充满电子技术的世界里,这在1937年是不可想象的——那一年,学术论文负责人凯特·L·杜拉宾首先汇编了 ...
Reimann , G. A .; Grandy , J. D .; Eddy , T. L .; Anderson , G. L. In Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management Spectrum '92 ( Proc . ) ; American Nuclear Society , Inc. , La Grange Park , IL , 1992 ; Vol . 2 , pp . 1083-1088 . 3 .
... 223-24 Bayard , Thomas F. , 289 Blair , Montgomery , 206 Beach , Moses Y. , 125-26 Blessing , Tim H. , 256 Beech ... Karl A. , 432 Boynton , Charles , 335 Bickham , W. D. , 235 Bradford , John , 46 Biddle , Nicholas , 87 Bradford ...
As Thompson has pointed out, we commonly use words, expressions, and constructions in written expositions that would seem artificial in oral speech. Gri- boedov's phrase, "and you speak as you write," refers to the comic transfer of the ...
Baldi , Philip and Ronald N. Werth , eds . 1978. Readings in historical phonology : Chapters in the theory of sound ... Cahiers Ferdinand de Saussure 13.18–33 . and Row . Christie , William M. , Jr. , FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN SPANISH 371.
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A stock solution of PCP was prepared at an elevated pH of 11 with 1 N NaOH to increase the solubility of PCP in the aqueous phase . For the partial chemical oxidation pretreatment by Fenton's Reagent , the ferrous sulfate solution ...
Madsen , H. , & Bowen , J. D. ( 1978 ) . Adaptation in language teaching . New York : Newbury House . Stevick , E. W. ( 1972 ) . Evaluating and adapting language materials . In H. B. Allen & R. N. Campbell ( Eds . ) , Teaching English ...
In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind.
In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind.