Eukaryotic cells are composed of diverse subcompartments, or organelles, that each have unique functions and distinct protein compositions. Many proteins that transit through or populate secretory pathway organelles are delivered during synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which serves as the entry organelle to the secretory pathway. Despite decades of studies characterizing in close molecular detail the protein targeting pathways involved, including that of the universally conserved signal recognition particle (SRP), it is unclear at a global level which proteins utilize each pathway under physiological conditions.