A masterful and unsettling history of “Indian Removal,” the forced migration of Native Americans across the Mississippi River in the 1830s and the state-sponsored theft of their lands. In May 1830, the United States formally launched a policy to expel Native Americans from the East to territories west of the Mississippi River. Justified as a humanitarian enterprise, the undertaking was to be systematic and rational, overseen by Washington’s small but growing bureaucracy. But as the policy unfolded over the next decade, thousands of Native Americans died under the federal government’s auspices, and thousands of others lost their possessions and homelands in an orgy of fraud, intimidation, and violence. Unworthy Republic reveals how expulsion became national policy and describes the chaotic and deadly results of the operation to deport 80,000 men, women, and children. Drawing on firsthand accounts and the voluminous records produced by the federal government, Saunt’s deeply researched book argues that Indian Removal, as advocates of the policy called it, was not an inevitable chapter in U.S. expansion across the continent. Rather, it was a fiercely contested political act designed to secure new lands for the expansion of slavery and to consolidate the power of the southern states. Indigenous peoples fought relentlessly against the policy, while many U.S. citizens insisted that it was a betrayal of the nation’s values. When Congress passed the act by a razor-thin margin, it authorized one of the first state-sponsored mass deportations in the modern era, marking a turning point for native peoples and for the United States. In telling this gripping story, Saunt shows how the politics and economics of white supremacy lay at the heart of the expulsion of Native Americans; how corruption, greed, and administrative indifference and incompetence contributed to the debacle of its implementation; and how the consequences still resonate today.
In this unique history of 1776, Claudio Saunt looks beyond the familiar story of the thirteen colonies to explore the many other revolutions roiling the turbulent American continent.
Tracking a full five generations of the Grayson family and basing his account in part on unprecedented access to the forty-four volume diary of G. W. Grayson, the one-time principal chief of the Creek Nation, Claudio Saunt tells not only of ...
Nor could he tolerate female participation in politics, no matter how indirect.23 At the start of his term, Jackson faced a crisis over Margaret O'Neale Timberlake Eaton, the new bride of his friend and secretary of war, John Eaton.
High and low face each other not across a Great Divide but within a dynamic field structured by the tensions between perpendicular axes of heteronomous and autonomous value, that is, of economic value esteemed by society as a whole and ...
In this path-breaking work of intellectual and cultural history, James M. Glass provides a provocative new answer to the questions about the Holocaust that bedevil us to this day: How and why did so many ordinary Germans participate in the ...
In rare instances, those who were not abolitionists aided in the preservation of antebellum slave narratives, as in the case of Solomon Northup and Nat Turner: Solomon Northup, Twelve Years a Slave (Auburn, N.Y., 1853), and Nat Turner, ...
How did Indians actually lose their land? Stuart Banner argues that neither simple coercion nor simple consent reflects the complicated legal history of land transfers.
“Georgia's Day,” 2; Albert Castel, “Stephen D. Lee,” in 13 American National Biography 403—4 (Iohn A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes eds., 1999); I. Morgan Kousser, The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establish— ...
A comprehensive history of the achievements of leading Native American civil rights activists traces 200 years of legal and political campaigns while connecting the experiences of specific individuals to the stories of their tribes.
Brian Thevenot and Gordon Russell, “Rape. Murder. Gunfights.,” NOTP, September 26, 2005, pp. A-1, 4–5 (National Guardsmen quotations on A-4). Brunkard et al., “Hurricane Katrina Deaths, Louisiana, 2005,” 5. For the 2004 murder total, ...