The untold story of the “Black Boys,” a rebellion on the American frontier in 1765 that sparked the American Revolution. In 1763, the Seven Years’ War ended in a spectacular victory for the British. The French army agreed to leave North America, but many Native Americans, fearing that the British Empire would expand onto their lands and conquer them, refused to lay down their weapons. Under the leadership of a shrewd Ottawa warrior named Pontiac, they kept fighting for their freedom, capturing several British forts and devastating many of the westernmost colonial settlements. The British, battered from the costly war, needed to stop the violent attacks on their borderlands. Peace with Pontiac was their only option—if they could convince him to negotiate. Enter George Croghan, a wily trader-turned-diplomat with close ties to Native Americans. Under the wary eye of the British commander-in-chief, Croghan organized one of the largest peace offerings ever assembled and began a daring voyage into the interior of North America in search of Pontiac. Meanwhile, a ragtag group of frontiersmen set about stopping this peace deal in its tracks. Furious at the Empire for capitulating to Native groups, whom they considered their sworn enemies, and suspicious of Croghan’s intentions, these colonists turned Native American tactics of warfare on the British Empire. Dressing as Native Americans and smearing their faces in charcoal, these frontiersmen, known as the Black Boys, launched targeted assaults to destroy Croghan’s peace offering before it could be delivered. The outcome of these interwoven struggles would determine whose independence would prevail on the American frontier—whether freedom would be defined by the British, Native Americans, or colonial settlers. Drawing on largely forgotten manuscript sources from archives across North America, Patrick Spero recasts the familiar narrative of the American Revolution, moving the action from the Eastern Seaboard to the treacherous western frontier. In spellbinding detail, Frontier Rebels reveals an often-overlooked truth: the West played a crucial role in igniting the flame of American independence.
A succinct account of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 in Western Pennsylvania.
A gripping and sensational tale of violence, alcohol, and taxes, The Whiskey Rebellion uncovers the radical eighteenth-century people’s movement, long ignored by historians, that contributed decisively to the establishment of federal ...
102 Puritans covet Maine , disparage Mainers ( 1650 ) : Clark ( 1976 ) , pp . 39–41 ; Churchill in MEHSQ , pp . 34–35 ; Clark ( 1970 ) , p . 31 . 102 Maine governing itself : Clark ( 1970 ) , p . 48 ; Churchill in MEHSQ , pp . 32–33 .
The following narrative is pieced together from ''An Examination of Walter Winter'' and ''An Examination of John Winter'' in PA Archives, First Series, 1: 218–20. In the PCM, Winter's last name is ''Winters.
The Whiskey Rebels is a superb rendering of a perilous age and a nation nearly torn apart–and David Liss’s most powerful novel yet.
5 , 1794 , Papers of A. H. , XVII , 56 ; Abraham Kirkpatrick to G. W. , July 25 , 1794 and July 28 , 1794 , Wolcott Papers ... XIX , CHS , which reported that two militiamen died and several were wounded , while one of Kirkpatrick's ...
Texans faced two foes in 1861: the armed forces of the United States, and the Plains Indians. Some Texans believed the conflict with the Union would be short and successful;...
In Shays's Rebellion: The American Revolution's Final Battle, Leonard Richards reveals that this perception is misleading, that the rebellion was much more widespread than previously thought, and that the participants and their supporters ...
Waterhouse, ed., journal, 186 (“momentary stupor”) and 217–19; Hawthorne, ed., Yarm, 261–62; Reuben G. Beasley to John Mason, Feb. ... 10, 1815, and Robert McDouall to Colley Foster, May 15, 1815, in SBD, 3, part 1:507–8 and 534–35; ...
Railton, Fenimore Cooper, 87, 110 (“Oliver's”); Motley, The American Abraham, 80–81; Wayne Franklin, The New World of James Fenimore Cooper (Chicago, 1982), 105–6; Brook Thomas, Cross-examinations of Law and Literature: Cooper, ...