A literature review that synthesizes the legal and educational issues in a chronology is presented to increase depth of understanding of the nature and scope of the problem for these immigrant students. An important distinction is examined between bilingual education as the learning of a common dominant language by those who speak another language at home, and the learning, maintenance and use of two or more languages. An analysis of the results of the small exploratory study is presented and synthesized with the literature reviewed. the findings suggest that Miami-Dade County's approach to bilingual education is a sound one. However, further work in examination and evaluation of the various programs designed to teach limited language proficient children is indicated. Suggestions are made herein for future research.