Quantitative analysis of twenty-one candidate sites for LLRW facilities reveals that standard variables from the social movement literature and the waste siting literature fail to account for different levels of community activism. A paired comparison of two North Carolina counties, one highly active and one relatively inactive, demonstrates that collective action is closely linked to the ability of activists to actively appropriate county-wide social sites and link the opposition to community identity. Quantitative analysis of all twenty-one cases demonstrates a significant relationship between the active opposition of local government to the LLRW facility and a lack of disruptive forms of activism in the community at large. A paired comparison of two highly active New York counties shows that local government involvement moderates the type of activism citizens express.