On February 13 and 14, 1945, three successive waves of British and U.S. aircraft rained down thousands of tons of high explosive and incendiary bombs on the largely undefended German city of Dresden. Night and day, Dresden was engulfed in a vast sea of flame, a firestorm that generated 1,500-degree temperatures and hurricane-force winds. Thousands suffocated in underground shelters where they had fled to escape the inferno above. The fierce winds pulled thousands more into the center of the firestorm, where they were incinerated. By the time the fires burned themselves out, many days later, a great city–known as “the Florence on the Elbe”–lay in ruins, and tens of thousands, almost all of them civilians, lay dead. In Firestorm, Marshall De Bruhl re-creates the drama and horror of the Dresden bombing and offers the most cogent appraisal yet of the tactics, weapons, strategy, and rationale for the controversial attack. Using new research and contemporary reports, as well as eyewitness stories of the devastation, De Bruhl directly addresses many long-unresolved questions relating to the bombing: Why did the strike occur when the Allies’ victory was seemingly so imminent? Was choosing a city choked with German refugees a punitive decision, intended to humiliate a nation? What, if any, strategic importance did Dresden have? How much did the desire to send a “message”–to Imperial Japan or the advancing Soviet armies–factor into the decision to firebomb the city? Beyond De Bruhl’s analysis of the moral implications and historical ramifications of the attack, he examines how Nazi and Allied philosophies of airpower evolved prior to Dresden, particularly the shift toward “morale bombing” and the targeting of population centers as a strategic objective. He also profiles the architects and prime movers of strategic bombing and aerial warfare, among them aviation pioneer Billy Mitchell, RAF air marshal Sir Arthur “Bomber” Harris, and the American commander, General Carl Spaatz. The passage of time has done nothing to quell the controversy stirred up by the Dresden raid. It has spawned a plethora of books, documentaries, articles, and works of fiction. Firestorm dispels the myths, refutes the arguments, and offers a dispassionate and clear-eyed look at the decisions made and the actions taken throughout the bombing campaign against the cities of the Third Reich–a campaign whose most devastating consequence was the Dresden raid. It is an objective work of history that dares to consider the calculus of war. From the Hardcover edition.
German Revolutionists of 1848: Surnames A through F
259; Neal, pp. 159-60; Davis (New York), p. 263; Voss, p. 280; Urofsky, p. 247. FDR biographer Kenneth S. Davis concluded that Roosevelt had not only attacked Wise and Holmes “on grounds palpably sophistic but also ...
35 32 The text was apparently known to Jacob ha - Kohen , the first known Kabbalist in Castile ( Soria ) , in his Commentary to ... of R. Zarfati on the Book Ma'arekhet ha - Elohuť , master's thesis , The Hebrew University , 1987 , p .
. . The whole book is a superb piece of work, highly recommended.”—Destructive Music “Particularly atmospheric . . . This is an unusual and welcome selection of illustrations.”—Military Illustrated
科尔的说法显示了德国存在的一种无辜感,各种政治团体和政治学家试图用它来定义新近出现的德国的自我价值观。 阿道夫·穆斯克的意图是检验这些德国新人的教育情况。他以对十九岁的斯特凡妮的采访为起点,尤其注意她对学校中种种事情的叙述,以及她的老师对第 ...
Plöckinger, Geschichte, 33, footnote to Paula Schlier, Petras Aufzeichnungen, (Innsbruck: Brenner-Verlag, 1926), 136. Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 16. Facsimile of letter in Toland, Adolf Hitler, 224–25. Hess, Briefe, 332.
注487 赵:《论共同犯“思联络”的观预备性》,载《武汉大学学报(哲学科学)》2007年 6期。注488 〔苏联〕伊宁:《犯构成的一学说》,秉忠等译,中国人大学 1958年, 234页。注489 张旭主编:《英美刑论要》,清华大学 2006 年, 121—122页。
This book explores the connection between beer, culture, and politics in Munich to examine the crucial role the city has played in the development of modern Germany over the last thousand years.
358—3 59. 75. Litvinov (Geneva) to Narkomindel, Sept. 15, 193 8, DIMS, pp. 213—214. 76. Fierlinger to Czech foreign ministry, Sept. 19, 1 9 3 8, DIMS, p. 236. 77. Coulondre, nos. 694—696, Sept. 17, 193 8, DDF, 2°, XI, 278-279. 78.
Between 1950 and 1955, thousands of veterans from the notorious German-led, Ukrainian 14th Waffen-SS Galicia Division emigrated to North America with the full consent of the governments despite immigration regulations...