In Marbury v. Madison Chief Justice John Marshall defined the Constitution as "a superior, paramount law," one that superseded the laws passed by Congress and state legislatures. What makes it paramount? This book sets out to recover the enduring principles, purposes, and meanings that inform the founders' charter and continue to offer us political guidance more than 200 years later. In so doing it steers a middle course between "originalists" who constrict interpretation to constitutional specifics and "relativists" who adapt the Constitution to the moment by ignoring original meaning. "Original intent," Ralph Ketcham argues, is best discerned by a study of the political climate that nourished the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and, more particularly, by understanding the broader meanings, intentions, and purposes of the framers.
To recover this full context of political thinking, Ketcham delves not only into the meaning of the documents but also into the connotations of the framers' vocabulary, the reasoning behind both accepted and rejected propositions, arguments for and against, and unstated assumptions. In his analysis the fundamental or enduring principles are republicanism, liberty, public good, and federalism (as part of the broader doctrine of balance of powers).
Ketcham answers convincingly those who question the relevance to modern constitutional interpretation of the finding that the founders were both republican and liberal. He asserts that the rights-protecting character of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights derived from the founders' belief that private rights depended upon active government and public virtue. In other words, private liberties rested on the citizenry's right to self-governance.
James Madison sought to ensure a system of government that would serve as guardian "both of public Good and of private rights." In providing an interpretation of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights that incorporates both republican and liberal perspectives, Ketcham should find a wide readership among politically active citizens, lawyers, judges, and those who teach and study constitutional law and political theory.
Washington, D.C. Uslaner, Eric M. 1993. The Decline of Comity in Congress. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Valelly, Richard M. 1996. “Couch-potato Democracy?” American Prospect 25: 25–26. Valentino, N. A. 1999.
Richard Vinen pursues the story into the 1970s to show both the ever more violent forms of radicalization that arose from 1968 and the brutal reactions from those in power that brought the era to an end.
In addition, the book includes clear, concise discussions of major twentieth-century totalitarian movements—Communism, Fascism, and Nazism—and of the major opponents of the one-party state.
... Alexander 1919n2 MacCarthy , C.J. 1735n2 Macclesfield , 5th Earl of 1860n2 McCulloch , John Ramsay 1893 & n2 ... 2050n6 Mackenzie , Hugh 1877n8 Mackenzie , William Forbes 1975n2 Mackinnon , William Alexander i 188n11 , 1758n2 ...
... covert , or semiformal — that were extended to the DPRK by Western governments in the kangsong taeguk period , we might well discover that the ratio of such outside assistance to local commercial earnings began to approach the scale ...
Bernard Roscho , " The Evolution of News Content in the American Press , " in Doris Graber , ed . , Media Power in ... William L. Rivers , The Other Government : Power and the Washington Media ( New York : Universe Books , 1982 ) , p .
According to Harding , this means that the political standpoint of the scientist is a relevant consideration in the evaluation of scientific theories . Rigorous scientific scholarship can only take place under conditions where women and ...
The Senate Committee on the Judiciary holds televised hearings on the nomination of Robert H. Bork to the Supreme Court that focus on Bork's understanding of " original intent . " The Court , in Texas v . Johnson , sets aside a state ...
العولمة نضجت من مجرد كلمة طنانة مثيرة للجدل حول كيف تغير شبكات الاتصال الثقافة والاقتصاد والأمن والبيئة - ومعها التحديات الرئيسية ...
... 3 , 47 , 55–57 passim , 70 , 78 , 99 , 109 , 111 , 120 , 164-65 , 179–80 , 183 Hoover , J. Edgar , 178–79 Hopkins ... General von , 129 Johnson , Hiram , 96 , 130 Johnson , Hugh , 95 Johnson , Louis A. , 175 Johnson , Lyndon B.