Part 1 Decolonization, separatism and loyalties: stranded by the tide - the Straits Chinese of Penang; anatomy of a betrayal - the Karens of Burma; loyalism and "Special War" - Montagnards of Vietnam; defining "Self-Determination" - the Republic of Indonesia vs the South Moluccan Republic. Part 2 National identity - decolonization and separatism in the Muslim regions of Southeast Asia: Islam, ethnicity and separatism in Southeast Asia; nationalism and the "House of Islam" - the Acehnese revolt and the Republic of Indonesia; at the frontier of the Islamic world - the Arakanese Muslims; ethnicity, Islam and Irredentism - the Malays of Patani. Appendices: the Straits Chinese Memorandum; the Karen Memorial; the Montagnard Declaration; Declaration of Independence of the South Moluccas - 25 April 1950; manifesto of the Atjeh Rebels (1953, selections); Patani petition.