This book addresses the mismatch between the assumptions of planning professionals and the actual operations of the intergovernmental system.
Basing her work not only on empirical research but also years of personal experience, Christensen presents a new theory of the underlying structure and dynamics of the US intergovernmental system. It is designed to help planners and policy makers clarify the obstacles to effective action on behalf of the public good.
Written by some of the founders of complexity theory and complexity theories of cities (CTC), this Handbook expertly guides the reader through over forty years of intertwined developments: the emergence of general theories of complex self ...
The equivalent measure for the dual problem is defined as d ( p ) ; = 1P . ( 6.23 ) This definition illustrates that each path length makes a specific contribution to the overall definition of distance , and this can be tuned by fixing ...
Today, our cities are an embodiment of the complex, historical evolution of knowledge, desires and technology. Our planned and designed activities co-evolve with our aspirations, mediated by the existing technologies and social structures.
An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design Juval Portugali, Han Meyer, Egbert Stolk, Ekim Tan ... Social. Theory. Oriented. Urban. Theory. and. Planning. As noted above, proponents of CTC tend to regard themselves as ...
In Introduction to Urban Science, Luis Bettencourt takes a novel, integrative approach to understanding cities as complex adaptive systems, claiming that they require us to frame the field of urban science in a way that goes beyond existing ...
This book, which resulted from an intensive discourse between experts from several disciplines – complexity theorists, cognitive scientists, philosophers, urban planners and urban designers, as well as a zoologist and a physiologist – ...
Based on the emergent paradigm of complexity, the book provides an innovative set of arguments about how we can gain a better understanding of how cities emerge and function through computer simulations, and how plans affect the evolution ...
In this work, the author goes beyond merely seeing the city as a self-organized, emerging pattern of some collective interaction between many stylized urban "agents" – he makes the crucial step of attributing cognition to his agents and ...
This book introduces the axiomatic/experimental approach to urban planning and addresses the criticism of the lack of a theoretical foundation in urban planning.
Glacial meltwater flowed into the “Lake Ontario” system, or rather Lake Coleman, the precursor to Lake Ontario. One kilometer of ice covered what is now Toronto. About 13,000 years ago, the ice retreated from the basin and Lake Coleman ...