Urban models can be divided into explanatory or policy-oriented classifications. Explanatory models are usually systematic attempts at explaining urban form; operational models, on the other hand, rely on either social physics or behavior principles. Explanatory models focus on the tradeoffs between the cost of the site itself and the costs of travel, the analytic problems caused by the unique quality of each location, the effects of transport congestion on city form, and the consequences of welfare emphasis on equity. The social physics form of operational models tries to replicate statistical regularities observed in the activities of people within a city. Economic models based on behavioral principles are the easiest to understand because their structure is drawn from behavioral relations derived from behavioral analysis. The characteristics of operational and explanatory models overlap. Two operational and two explanatory models are presented as exemplary techniques for modeling urban areas in developing countries. Useful explanatory models are likely to require large sets of disaggregated data in order to provide the building blocks for the operational models.
... may be taken in by other family members or they may , as is increasingly the case in Africa , establish their own households , with the eldest children acting as heads of households ( Audemard and Vignikin 2006 ; Robson et al .
In this best-selling text BY social workers and FOR social workers, Charles Zastrow and Karen K. Kirst-Ashman, nationally prominent social work educators and authors, guide studetns in assessing and evaluating how individuals function ...
Kiev , A. ( 1980 , September ) . The courage to live . Cosmopolitan , pp . 301-308 . Kim , N. , Stanton , B. , Li , X. , Dickersin , K. , & Galbraith , J. ( 1997 ) . Effectiveness of the 40 adolescent AIDS - risk reduction interventions ...
Charrière , H. 1969. Papillon . Robert Lafont . ... 6 NOT OUR KIND OF GIRL ELAINE BELL KAPLAN Social research is concerned with the definition and assessment of social phenomena . Many social concepts such as teen pregnancy are ...
行走世间,唯有淡定不破:遇事不慌、遇人不躁,拥有淡定、优雅的心,你,就可以重生!——美国心灵教父戴尔 ...
Booth, John. 1985. The End and the Beginning: The Nicaraguan Revolution. Boulder: Westview. Booth, John, and Thomas W. Walker. 1989. Understanding Central America. Boulder: Westview Borge, Tomás. 1984. Carlos, the Dawn Ls No Longer ...
Readers will profit from studying this volume which sets forth a rationale for theoretical and empirical contributions to the sociology of law.
As I wrote in a recent tribute to Justice Marshall: There appears to be a deliberate retrenchment by a majority of the current Supreme Court on many basic issues of human rights that Thurgood Marshall advocated and that the Warren and ...
The Civilizing Process
Criticizes Pat Buchanan, Pat Robertson, Jessie Helms, and Ronald Reagan, political correctness, academic obsessions with theory, the art world, American infrastructure, and other targets