Papers presented at the symposium on [title] held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 1991, provide a framework for quantifying constraint effects in terms of both continuum mechanics and micro-mechanical modeling approaches. Such a framework is useful in establishing accurate predictions of the fracture
As quantities describing the in-plane constraint and the out-of-plane constraint, onn/(oyy+ott) and ott/(oyy+ann), respectively, are introduced and plotted in Figs. 14 and 15 for different load steps along the crack front.