In 1960, Mississippi society still drew a sharp line between its African American and white communities. In the 1890s, the state had created a repressive racial system that ensured white supremacy by legally segregating black residents and removing their basic citizenship and voting rights. Over the ensuing decades, white residents suppressed African Americans who dared challenge that system with an array of violence, terror, and murder. In 1960, students supporting civil rights moved into Mississippi and challenged this repressive racial order by encouraging African Americans to reassert the rights guaranteed them under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. The ensuing social upheaval changed the state forever. In Student Activism and Civil Rights in Mississippi, James P. Marshall, a former civil rights activist, tells the complete story of the quest for civil rights in Mississippi. Using a voluminous array of sources as well as his own memories, Marshall weaves together an astonishing account of student protestors and local activists who risked their lives for equality, standing between southern resistance and federal inaction. Their efforts, and the horrific violence inflicted on them, helped push many non-southerners and the federal government into action, culminating in the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act—measures that destroyed legalized segregation and disfranchisement. Ultimately, Marshall contends, student activism in Mississippi helped forge a consensus by reminding the American public of its forgotten promises and by educating the nation that African Americans in the South deserved to live as free and equal citizens.
... Rebellion in Black and White: Southern Student Activism in the 1960s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013); Joy Ann Williamson, Radicalizing the Ebony Tower: Black Colleges and the Black Freedom Struggle in Mississippi ...
This volume tracks early forms of resistance to racial parity adopted by the White Citizens’ Councils and chapters of the Ku Klux Klan at the local level as well as by Mississippi congressmen and other elected officials who used both ...
Based on new research and combining multiple scholarly approaches, these twelve essays tell new stories about the civil rights movement in the state most resistant to change.
IT IS ORDERED that the State of Mississippi, Ross R. Barnett, Joe T. Patterson, T.B. Birdsong, Paul G. Alexander, William R. Lamb, J. Robert Gilfoy, J.W. Ford, William D. Rayfield, James D. Jones, Walton Smith, the class consisting of ...
Historian Trent Watts furnishes a substantial introduction to the volume and offers background on the Freedom Summer campaign as well as a description of Ed King's civil rights activism from the late 1950s to the present day.
Details the Black struggle for civil rights in Mississippi
Matthews, Donald R., and James W. Protho. 1966. Negroes and the New Southern Politics. ... McAdam, Doug, John McCarthy, and Mayer Zald. 1988. “Social Movements.” In Handbook of Sociology, edited by N. Smelser, 695–737.
SynnottJeffrey A. TurnerErica WhittingtonJoy Ann Williamson-Lott
John G. Sproat, "Perspectives on Desegregation in South Carolina," in Robert H. Abzug and Stephen E. Maizlish, eds., New Perspectives on Race and Slavery in America (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1986), pp, 164-84, ...
The first being Herbert Lee . A boyhood friend of Steptoe's , Lee had joined the Amite County naacp when it was founded in 1953 and had remained an open member through the persecution of the mid - fifties . In 1961 , when many of those ...