In the ancient Near East, the art of influencing the natural course of events by means of spells and other ritual forms was universal. The social and political role of magic is apparent, too, in the competition to achieve precedence over rival systems of ritual practice and belief. Within a region filled with petty kingdoms competing for power, the Jews of ancient Palestine maintained control over adherents by developing distinct ritual practices and condemning as heretical those of nearby cults. Texts from Mesopotamia reveal a striking number of incantations, rituals, and medical recipes against witchcraft, attesting to a profound fear of being bewitched. Magical rituals were also used to maintain harmony between the human and divine realms.
The roots of European witchcraft and magic lie in Hebrew and other ancient Near Eastern cultures and in the Celtic, Nordic, and Germanic traditions of the continent. For two millennia, European folklore and ritual have been imbued with the belief in the supernatural, yielding a rich trove of histories and images.
Witchcraft and Magic in Europe combines the traditional approaches of political, legal, and social historians with a critical synthesis of cultural anthropology, historical psychology, and gender studies. The series, complete in six volumes, provides a modern, scholarly survey of the supernatural beliefs of Europeans from ancient times to the present day. Each volume of this ambitious six-volume series contains the work of distinguished scholars chosen for their expertise in a particular era or region.
This volume, chronologically the first in the six-volume series, deals with the societies of the ancient Near East.
These are the role of magical incantations and rituals against witchcraft in Mesopotamia in the last three millennia BC, the attitudes to witchcraft and magic in the Old Testament and in later Jewish tradition, and the beliefs and legends ...
remedy and so the ultimate cause why some have seen the truth of the gospel is that ' God who said , “ Let light shine out of darkness , " made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in ...
The author, a radio broadcaster, takes on Christian evangelism, offering readers a new approach to preaching the word, and living as a follower of Christ in "The World."
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations.
The Early Church and the World: A History of the Christian Attitude to Pagan Society and the State Down to...
The author recreates the world from the second to the fourth century A.D., when the gods of Olympus lost their dominion, and Christianity, with the conversion of Constantine, triumphed in...
Brown, The Body and Society, xlvi. See also xliii (“Among the Greco-Roman notables . . . the bodies of men and women were mobilized against death. They were asked to produce, in an orderly fashion, orderly children to man the walls of ...
Christianity came into being within the Roman Empire and formed a constituent element in the life of a great civilisation which it ... Though the early Christian might be at war with society , he was yet inevitably a part of it .
Socrates, History P. Maraval et al., ed.,Socrate de Constantinople: Histoire ecclésiastique, SC477,493, 505,506 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 2004–) Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History J. Bidez et al.