At first glance, the Ford Foundation and the black power movement would make an unlikely partnership. After the Second World War, the renowned Foundation was the largest philanthropic organization in the United States and was dedicated to projects of liberal reform. Black power ideology, which promoted self-determination over color-blind assimilation, was often characterized as radical and divisive. But Foundation president McGeorge Bundy chose to engage rather than confront black power's challenge to racial liberalism through an ambitious, long-term strategy to foster the "social development" of racial minorities. The Ford Foundation not only bankrolled but originated many of the black power era's hallmark legacies: community control of public schools, ghetto-based economic development initiatives, and race-specific arts and cultural organizations. In Top Down, Karen Ferguson explores the consequences of this counterintuitive and unequal relationship between the liberal establishment and black activists and their ideas. In essence, the white liberal effort to reforge a national consensus on race had the effect of remaking racial liberalism from the top down—a domestication of black power ideology that still flourishes in current racial politics. Ultimately, this new racial liberalism would help foster a black leadership class—including Barack Obama—while accommodating the intractable inequality that first drew the Ford Foundation to address the "race problem."
Learn how to knit sweaters with a technique that takes classic set-in sleeve sweater construction and turns it on its head, by working seamlessly from the top down.
A key reference for knitters of all skill levels, this is the new essential knitting resource on your bookshelf.
Beth Harbison, Elizabeth M. Harbison. the same thing,” he said. “Come on in, have a seat. I know it's only noon, but do you want a beer?” She gave a dry laugh. “No, thanks.” “Mind ifI have one?” “Please do.” Please have six.
This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press¿ which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
With this collection of comfy, cozy sweaters, you can start at the neck; then try on projects as you knit to make the bust, length, and sleeves fit to a T. Try the clever top down technique in 15 easy knit-and-purl designs Keep these ...
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Take it from the top. In the first collection of its kind, crochet designer Dora Ohrenstein presents 14 patterns sure to flatter all body shapes and sizes. From elegant to casual, here are contemporary options for every season and occasion.
Numerous methods for constructing sweaters also developed during the late 1800s, and it's probable that the top-down method was among them. There are examples to be found in early twentieth century publications, though they are rare ...
Is Top-down Causation Challenging Neuroscience? Gennaro Auletta, Ivan Colage, Marc Jeannerod. flows) that are constrained or influenced by circumstances operating at the higher level (e.g., switch states). If this type of process also ...
A topdown approach to budget preparation, therefore, puts a premium on improving the efficiency of the public sector. This stands in contrast to a bottom-up process where there are virtually no incentives to propose any changes that ...