David Stockman, Ronald Reagan's budget director, proclaimed the Small Business Administration a "billion-dollar waste -- a rathole," and set out to abolish the agency. His scathing critique was but the latest attack on an agency better known as the "Small Scandal Administration." Loans to criminals, government contracts for minority "fronts," the classification of American Motors as a small business, Whitewater, and other scandals -- the Small Business Administration has lurched from one embarrassment to another. Despite the scandals and the policy failures, the SBA thrives and small business remains a sacred cow in American politics. Part of this sacredness comes from the agency's longstanding record of pioneering affirmative action. Jonathan Bean reveals that even before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the SBA promoted African American businesses, encouraged the hiring of minorities, and monitored the employment practices of loan recipients. Under Nixon, the agency expanded racial preferences. During the Reagan administration, politicians wrapped themselves in the mantle of minority enterprise even as they denounced quotas elsewhere. Created by Congress in 1953, the SBA does not conform to traditional interpretations of interest-group democracy. Even though the public -- and Congress -- favors small enterprise, there has never been a unified group of small business owners requesting the government's help. Indeed, the SBA often has failed to address the real problems of "Mom and Pop" shop owners, fueling the ongoing debate about the agency's viability.
In Race and Liberty in America: The Essential Reader, author Jonathan Bean argues that the historical record does not conveniently fit into either of these categories and that knowledge of the American classical liberal tradition is ...
In the movie classic , The Quiet Man , a fight between Sean Thornton ( John Wayne ) and Red Will Danaher ( Victor McLagen ) ends inconclusively , with the two men sharing a drink , but the two cover a huge amount of ground before then .
... 27 Growth Theory A philosophical perspective Patricia Northover 28 The Political Economy of the Small Firm Edited by Charlie Dannreuther 29 Hahn and Economic Methodology Edited by Thomas Boylan and Paschal F O'Gorman 30 Gender, ...
... warfare in the streets,” Forman used his speech to announce future plans for the National Black Economic Development Conference. He began by acknowledging and thanking the predominantly white National Council of Churches (NCC) and ...
2D Arthur M. Schlesinger, jr., A Life in the 20th Century: Innocent Beginnings, 191 7-1950 (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000), p. 124. m Arthur M. Schlesinger, ... Evan Thomas, "The Left Starts to Rethink Reagan," Newsweek, ...
. This is a smart, respectful and compelling book." —Jason DeParle, The New York Times Book Review When Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election, a bewildered nation turned to Strangers in Their Own Land to understand what Trump ...
An eminent authority presents a new perspective on affirmative action in a provocative book that will stir fresh debate about this vitally important issue
We also see attacks on ' big government , ' which is seen as an employer and defender of minorities , denials that the recent wave of black church burning means anything , and most of all , the elimination of affirmative action .
Exploring developments and innovations in the management of people who carry out the government's work, the book introduces students to public sector personnel management.
One involved the track career of Chi Cheng in 1969 and 1970. Chi Cheng was originally from Taiwan. No East Asian woman had really become dominant in world-class track-and-field competition (Brown, 1979; Smith, 1998).