The transformation of average Americans' domestic lives, revealed through the mechanical innovations and physical improvements of their homes At the turn of the nineteenth century, the average American family still lived by kerosene light, ate in the kitchen, and used an outhouse. By 1940, electric lights, dining rooms, and bathrooms were the norm as the traditional working-class home was fast becoming modern--a fact largely missing from the story of domestic innovation and improvement in twentieth-century America, where such benefits seem to count primarily among the upper classes and the post-World War II denizens of suburbia. Examining the physical evidence of America's working-class houses, Thomas C. Hubka revises our understanding of how widespread domestic improvement transformed the lives of Americans in the modern era. His work, focused on the broad central portion of the housing population, recalibrates longstanding ideas about the nature and development of the "middle class" and its new measure of improvement, "standards of living." In How the Working-Class Home Became Modern, 1900-1940, Hubka analyzes a period when millions of average Americans saw accelerated improvement in their housing and domestic conditions. These improvements were intertwined with the acquisition of entirely new mechanical conveniences, new types of rooms and patterns of domestic life, and such innovations--from public utilities and kitchen appliances to remodeled and multi-unit housing--are at the center of the story Hubka tells. It is a narrative, amply illustrated and finely detailed, that traces changes in household hygiene, sociability, and privacy practices that launched large portions of the working classes into the middle class--and that, in Hubka's telling, reconfigures and enriches the standard account of the domestic transformation of the American home.
Macpherson , Cluny , ' The Changing Contours of Samoan Ethnicity ' , in Paul Spoonley , Cluny Macpherson & David Pearson ( eds ) , Nga Take : Ethnic Relations and Racism in Aotearoa / New Zealand , Dunmore Press , Palmerston North ...
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Lawrence Mishel, David M. Frankel ... Richard Freeman Harvard University The Economic Policy Institute has become the best , most interesting , most credible , and I think most effective voice for economic reform in the country .
List of publications, v. 1-132, in v. 132.
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Works by James Joyce , C. S. Lewis , Oscar Wilde , Samuel Beckett , William Butler Yeats , John Millington Synge , Lady Gregory , Jonathan Swift , George Bernard Shaw , Bram Stoker , Elizabeth Bowen , Sean O'Casey , Patrick Kavanagh ...