This book contains three essays presented as lectures at Georgia State University in April and May 1981. The authors are educators in Canada and Great Britain. The introduction, written by Edgar B. Gumbert of Georgia State University, provides an overview of educational trends and developments on which the topics of the three essays are based. In the first paper, "Education against Poverty: Interpreting British and American Policies in the 1960s and the 1970s," by Harold Silver, the social consciousness raising period of the 1960s is examined in relation to an historical analysis of educational policy making in the United States and Great Britain. Connections between national educational systems and their historical and social contexts are described. The second paper, "Ideology and Educational Research," by Michael F. D. Young, addresses educational research as a social institution and concludes with suggested alternatives for conducting and analyzing educational research. The relationships among knowledge, power, and social class are discussed. In the third paper, "Deference to Authority: Education in Canada and the United States," Edgar Z. Friedenberg presents several definitions of authority and assesses the role of schools in shaping children's thought processes. Levels and patterns of authority and understanding of youth are identified. (FG)