"Definitions of heritage languages include the languages of migrant, indigenous, and national minorities. This chapter is concerned with migrant minorities. The EU is generally pictured as valuing multilingualism, as reflected by EU policies and citizen's attitudes. Nevertheless, when Europeans think and speak about protecting multilingualism, they do not necessarily have migrant languages in mind, although these are more numerous than other minorities in terms of both language diversity and number of speakers. The chapter summarizes linguistic research on HSs in Europe covering early childhood, primary school/adolescence and adulthood, making reference to (morpho-)syntax, phonology and vocabulary. The goal is to uncover common outcomes and missing links. The focus differs across these research areas, but crosslinguistic influence is a common denominator, and the examples witness that research has gone beyond highlighting differences between monolinguals and HSs. Scenarios suggest that HSs may anticipate or resist language change, and that adult HSs often stay within the limits of what is possible in the baseline or related varieties. I conclude by pointing out the lack of comparisons across generations, an overrepresentation of specific languages families, and by suggesting that research drawing analogies with other situations of language contact and change are highly desirable"--
13332 Franko , Z.T. Essays on Teaching English as a Second Language and as a Second Dialect . Vlisanie russkogo îazyka na ukrainskis îazyk . ... 13334 Frantz , W. The Use of the Mother Tongue in Education in Sierra Leone .
Patterns of Language Mixing: A Study in Turkish-Dutch Bilingualism
Bilingualism as a World Problem
Polychronometric Techniques in Behaviour Analysis: Language Teaching
Educación y bilingüismo
Education et bilinguisme
Educazione e bilinguismo
Actes du Colloque La Description des langues naturelles en vue d'applications linguistiques
Early Childhood Bilingual Education
I'll make arrangements to have them moved into Vancouver on one of those two days. We'll show Trent that he can't screw around with Ottawa.” *** Premier Trent and Attorney General Anderson had just finished one of their now fairly ...