Most utilities have state estimators in the package of energy management systems. The main functions of state estimators are to represent steady state system voltage, currents, and power flows---utilizing mathematics to enhance the accuracy of measurements. In this dissertation, the author examines how the new technology of phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used to enhance state estimation in electric power systems. A study and review of condition analysis for state estimation is presented in this report. Condition analysis is a linear algebra analysis of the sensitivity of the estimations error due to measurement error. The basis of the analysis in the evaluation of the error ellipsoid in the linear least squares formulation of the state estimator problem. The study reveals that decreasing the condition number of the gain matrix increases the accuracy of state estimates. Some other innovative concepts presented in this report include: singular distance---calculating the distance between matrix G and the closest singular matrix; scaling factor---viewing the largest singular value of matrix G as a condition indicator; measurement placement using eigenvectors---the use of eigenvector of smallest eigenvalue to find placement of measurements. Linearized equations are developed estimate the change in the condition indicators for the addition of a state measurement. The analysis of condition indicators for PMU placement led to significant improvement of condition number of the gain matrix. Two test bed systems are used in this report: the IEEE 57 test bed and a representation of a power system in the southwest US. The test bed system representing the southwest US power system is 180 buses, 245 transmission lines, and 748 measurements. An algorithm is developed to use condition indicators as an additive tool to other sensory placement strategies.
The book also reflects the experience of developing industrial-grade state estimation software that is used in the USA, South America, and many other places in world.
So, if it could be ascertained that none of the single contingency events would cause transient instability for a relatively broad range of operating conditions, the response time requirements for online transient stability assessment ...
The work introduces and contextualizes the core concepts and classic approaches to state estimation modeling.
... enhancement through the use of PMU measurements. In: Proceedings of the IEEE PES T&D conference 2006, Dallas, TX, pp. 1460–1466 Rice M, Heydt GT, Jiang W, Vittal V (2008) Design of state estimator measurements based on condition indicators ...
Offering an up-to-date account of the strategies utilized in state estimation of electric power systems, this text provides a broad overview of power system operation and the role of state estimation in overall energy management.
... analysis , 34-35 , 35f open - circuit voltage characteristic analysis , 35-36 , 35f Power reference data acquisition / special case analysis , 276 , 277t Predict - estimate ... indicator , 43 Sage - Husa adaptive theory , 356 Index.
... power system applications . The authors also discuss the ability of Trajectory Sensitivity Analysis to provide for an accurate reproduction of the nonlinear system behavior while using a considerable reduced computational burden as ...
Bad data detection and its processing depend on the method of state estimation in implementation. In this chapter, treatment of bad data for the WLS method of state estimation is discussed. If one or more gross errors are contained in ...
Based on the author’s twenty years of experience, this book shows the practicality of modern, conceptually new, wide area voltage control in transmission and distribution smart grids, in detail.
Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System focuses on measures that could make the power delivery system less vulnerable to attacks, restore power faster after an attack, and make critical services less vulnerable while the delivery ...