Cocoa and Chocolate,1765-1914 focuses on the period from the Seven Years War, to the First World War, when a surge of economic liberalism and globalisation should have helped cocoa producers to overcome rural poverty, just as wool transformed the economy of Australia, and tea that of Japan. The addition of new forms of chocolate to Western diets in the late nineteenth century led to a great cocoa boom, and yet economic development remained elusive, despite cocoa producers having certain advantages in the commodity lottery faced by exporters of raw materials. The commodity chain, from sowing a cocoa bean to enjoying a cup of hot chocolate, is examined in Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914 under the broad rubrics of chocolate consumption, the taxation of cocoa beans, the manufacture of chocolate, private marketing channels, land distribution, ecological impact on tropical forests, and the coercion of labour. Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914 concludes that cocoa failed to act as a dynamo for development.
Here is a sampling of some of the fascinating topics explored inside the book: Ancient gods and Christian celebrations: chocolate and religion Chocolate and the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1764 Chocolate pots: reflections of cultures, ...
This book makes a strong statement about the direction of future research: it should be required reading for anyone interested in the economic history of Latin America, broadly conceived.
A Delicious Adventure Connecting Jews, Religions, History, Travel, Rituals and Recipes to the Magic of Cacao Deborah R. Prinz, ... Sian Reynolds (New York: Harper and Row, 1979), 249; Clarence-Smith, Cocoa and Chocolate 1765–1914, 107.
“284,000 Children Work in Hazardous Conditions on West Africa's Cocoa Farms,” Anti-Slavery International, http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/news/cocoare- port290702.htm ... P. M. [?Lavell], Cadbury Ltd. to J. Filkin, October 17, 2000.
Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765–1914. London: Routledge. Commodity Research Bureau. 1939. Commodity Year Book. New York: Commodity Research Bureau. Dand, R. 1999. The International Cocoa Trade. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
I discussed this with Thomas Amoateng, a district manager for Akuafo Adamfo, who offered this analysis: So you asked what it takes to compete with a company like PBC. The resources for people to work with are the most important.
Othick, 'The cocoa and chocolate industry in the 19th century', pp.81–2. 49. Clarence-Smith, Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765–1914, p.24. 50. Ibid., p.27; Othick, 'The cocoa and chocolate industry in the 19th century', p.86. 51.
Louis Evan Grivetti and Howard Yana Shapiro, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N. J., 2009, pp. 651–666, pp. 653–654. For earlier work on chocolate as functional food, see Andrea Borchers, Carl L. Keen, Sandra M. Hannum, et al., ...
Shifting toward African cocoa production, Benjamin Acquaah's Cocoa Development in West Africa: the Early Period with Particular Reference to ... William Gervase Clarence-Smith, Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914, (London: Routledge, 2000).
Índios in Brazil taught that cacao had medicinal benefits; they recognized chocolate as a mild stimulant that could ... 1.; and William Gervase Clarence-Smith, Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914 (London/New York: Routledge, 2002), 10-11.