Did mandatory busing programs in the 1970s increase the school achievement of disadvantaged minority youth? Does obtaining a college degree increase an individual's labor market earnings? Did the use of the butterfly ballot in some Florida counties in the 2000 presidential election cost Al Gore votes? If so, was the number of miscast votes sufficiently large to have altered the election outcome? At their core, these types of questions are simple cause-and-effect questions. Simple cause-and-effect questions are the motivation for much empirical work in the social sciences. This book presents a model and set of methods for causal effect estimation that social scientists can use to address causal questions such as these. The essential features of the counterfactual model of causality for observational data analysis are presented with examples from sociology, political science, and economics.
In 2015, Kearney and Levine sought to evaluate the longterm impacts of the program in a retrospective evaluation carried out in the United States. Taking advantage of limitations in television broadcasting technology in the early years ...
This book offers a self-contained and concise introduction to causal models and how to learn them from data.
Alternative graphical causal models and the identification of direct effects. In: P. Shrout, editor. Causality and Psychopathology: Finding the Determinants of Disorders and Their Cures. Oxford University Press.
These advances are illustrated using a general theory of causation based on the Structural Causal Model (SCM) described in Pearl (2000a), which subsumes and unifies other approaches to causation, and provides a coherent mathematical ...
These are the foundational tools that any student of statistics needs to acquire in order to use statistical methods to answer causal questions of interest.
The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence .
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable.
This book offers a new model of educational achievement to explain why some students are committed to preparation for college. On the Edge of Commitment is a provocative assessment of how young people decide how far to go in school.
Written by pioneers in the field, this practical book presents an authoritative yet accessible overview of the methods and applications of causal inference.
It shows us the essence of human thought and key to artificial intelligence. Anyone who wants to understand either needs The Book of Why.