This book examines the impact of economic reforms in India on the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines. It traces the changing production and trade pattern of the industry, research and development (R&D) preferences and strategies of Indian pharmaceutical firms, patent system alongside pricing policy measures and their shortcomings. It also analyses the public health financing system in India driven largely by out-of-pocket expenditure — about 60 per cent — and characterised by very high share of medicines in total health expenditure. A masterful insight into a topical area, the work will be indispensable to those working on pharmaceutical industry and public policy. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars, students, and policy-makers of economics, industrial policy, public policy, intellectual property rights and health financing.
This handbook presents a comprehensive study of the post-reform Indian economy, three decades after the economic liberalization started in the early 1990s.
As of 1981, the Kenyan government published an initial list of essential medicines. 33. Buy drugs from local firms. ... The global world of Indian merchants, 1750–1947. ... Indian doctors in Kenya, 1895–1940: The forgotten history.
As possible solutions to these fundamental issues, this book explores the ideas of voluntary licensing and tiered pricing.
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Earlier, trade policy focused mainly on border measures, such as tariffs, quotas, import licensing and ... thus leading to a focus on principles of good regulatory practice, the framework for regulatory coherence and emphasis on ...
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In this book, Karthik Nachiappan investigates how India negotiated four key multilateral agreements: The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, The Framework Convention on Climate Change, The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and the Uruguay ...