This study seeks to answer understand whether or not the United States has learned from its past in stabilization and reconstruction operations. To answer this question, this work constructs a new theoretical model of foreign policy learning and presents two case studies to explore if learning occurred and to determine if conducting more rigorous tests of the theory is a worthwhile endeavor. To do so, the study utilizes a plausibility-probe research design. The cases selected as plausibility probes cover security sector reform and civil-military relations in US experiences in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq. This study concludes that the theoretical framework is helpful in illustrating intervening and interacting factors that can interrupt or block learning cycles, and that the civil-military relations case study, on the Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) program and the Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) should be used to more rigorously test the theory.
The authors challenge the perception that Afghanistan is a lost cause and urge Washington to "adequately resource" its current policy toward the country.
Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk kitabı, evvela imparatorluğu dirilten nesil olan 1880'liler kuşağı, Balkan coğrafyası ve Mustafa Kemal'in aile kökeni ile başlıyor.
In 1999, the people of East Timor voted, overwhelmingly, against a proposal that would make their island an autonomous province of the Republic of Indonesia.