Ants have profound effects on flora because of their ability to consume plants, disperse seeds, and enrich the soil. Ants are ubiquitous, diverse, easy to collect, and sensitive to environ. change. Written by 30 leading ant biologists, this comprehensive book describes procedures for surveying the diversity of ground-dwelling ants. Introduces a standardized protocol for collecting ant samples and conducting repeated sampling over time, which enables researchers to analyze global and long-term patterns. Compares ant diversity to the diversity of other organisms and explains the value of ant studies in monitoring ecosystem change in diverse regions. Covers aspects of ant ecology and taxonomy, species identification, and specimen preparation. Illustrations.