In the wake of the bloody civil war that followed Finland's independence from Russia in 1917, the border between the two countries was established across the Karelian Isthmus, an area long fought over by Russia, Finland and Sweden in their attempts to dominate the northern tip of Europe. Neither the Soviets nor the Finnish were comfortable with such a divide which was only 32km from the military and industrial city of Petrograd. As such, both sides began an intensive period of fortification and defensive planning. As the Winter War broke out in November 1939, the complex and heavily defended Mannerheim Line suffered intense bombardment. The armistice of 1940 saw Finland cede control of the entire Karelian Isthmus to the USSR, and a propaganda war ensued. Through an analysis of the background, and operational history of the Mannerheim Line, Bair Irincheev attempts to dispel such myths and provide an accurate assessment of its huge historical importance.
This book discusses the political background of the 1939-1940 Winter War; setbacks the volunteers suffered due to weather and terrain; and the ever-present fear that war would come to the Scandinavian Peninsula.
This book explains and illustrates, for the first time in English, the organization, uniforms, equipment and tactics of Finland's defenders.
... The Mannerheim Line 1920– 39: Finnish Fortifications of the Winter War. Fortress 88. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Irincheev, Bair (2011). War of the White Death: Finland Against the Soviet Union 1939–40. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military ...
... 1939–40 ( Sidwick & Jackson : London , 1973 ) Gellhorn , Martha , The Face of War ( Granta Books : London , 2016 ) Irincheev , Bair , The Mannerheim Line 1920-39 : Finnish Fortifications of the Winter War ( Osprey Publishing : Oxford ...
... 1939-45 OSPREY PUBLISHING DA VESA NENYE PETER MUNTER TONI WIRTANEN FINLAND AT WAR THE WINTER WAR 1939-40 PRIT BUTTAR ... THE MANNERHEIM LINE 1920-39 Finnish Fortifications of the Winter War MT - 222 CAM No : 148 ISBN : 978 1 84176 857 1 ...
Hailed by Helsingin Sanomat, Finland's leading daily, as "a bittersweet morality play" that "opens up this quintessentially Finnish tale to a much wider and admiring readership" and by STT, Finland's leading news agency, as "an outstanding ...
... Italian Navy & Air Force Elite Units & Special Forces 1940-45 9781780962764 9781780962757 192 World War II Tactical Camouflage Techniques 9781782003205 9781780960579 194 The Chinese People's Liberation Army since 1949 OSPREY PUBLISHING ...
... and 54 pieces of field artillery ranging from 37mm to 152mm.4 Infantry Regiment, 1939–40 Regt HQ (12 men) Command Office Supply Office Supply Company (169 men) Supply Pltn (41) A soldier of the elite Helsinki White Guards Regt poses ...
This book addresses frontline defensive field fortifications, built by infantrymen using local materials, and includes rifle platoon positions, trenches, crew-served weapon positions, bunkers, dugouts, shelters and more.
The work of Séré de Rivières, Brialmont and others had a major influence on the course of the First World War and on the fortifications built before and during the Second World War.