Protecting healthcare workers who respond to emergencies involving hazardous substances is critical. Healthcare workers responding to emergencies may be exposed to chemical, biological, physical, or radioactive hazards. Hospitals providing emergency response services must be prepared to carry out their missions without jeopardizing the safety and health of their own and other employees. Of special concern are the situations where contaminated patients arrive at the hospital for triage (sorting) or definitive treatment following a major incident. Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace for their employees. OSHA's role is to assure the safety and health of America's working men and women by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health. This informational booklet provides a general overview of a particular topic related to OSHA standards. It does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities in OSHA standards or the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA 3152-3R 2008