With 250 million migrants globally, remittances are one of the major sources of income in many developing countries. While there is abundant evidence that remittances facilitate consumption smoothing in receving countries, the literature has not considered whether this effect varies with the fiscal stance and during fiscal shocks. Therefore, we investigate the impact of remittances on the stability of household consumption, using both cross-country and household-level datasets. Our focus is on whether the consumption-smoothing effect changes with fiscal policy phases and whether remittances and government support are substitutes or complements in stabilizing household consumption. We find that remittances help smooth consumption, and hence improve welfare, more during fiscal consolidation episodes, while this impact is insignificant during fiscal expansions. The results also indicate that the effect is more pronounced in countries with greater reliance on remittances.
Lyfe is a black Adonis and one of the most powerful businessmen in the country.
From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Stone Barrington series comes the first novel in an extraordinary series starring an old fan favorite: Teddy Fay.
Smooth operator is the story of four women that was conned by a playboy.
Smooth Operator Here is the fascinating true story of one of the most notorious serial killers in history--a man who used his fatal charms to lure innocent women into a cruel date with destiny.
We got full and created a little buzz from our alcoholic beverages, Smooth Operators never take advantage of a woman under the influence of anything; they build off of other leverages. Remember, breaking a woman down is totally ...
Rogers spent the night at the Clark County Detention Center, and was released the next afternoon. ... The white 1979 Mercury was owned by Russell E. Wright of Hamilton and still carried the Ohio license tags when the officers spotted it ...
" Caroline's journey from enlisted Coast Guard member to CIA analyst includes boot camp, Hamptons yachters named Gary, meaning making in Guantanamo Bay, and a session with a Veterans Affairs-assigned therapist who has fourteen cats, one of ...
Josephine stopped smoothing out her skirt and looked at him . When he saw the coldness in her eyes ... It was all he could do not to run to the obeah woman two doors away to buy some holy water and sprinkle it all SMOOTH OPERATOR 143.
Funny and nostalgic, this book is the ideal tongue-in-cheek gag gift for birthdays and anti-Valentine's Day as well as a rueful consolation for your best friend's worst date yet.
Meesha Covington almost loses her fiancé, Detective Taylor Ross, during an undercover operation, and ends their engagement.