Struggling to make sense of the Revolution of 1789, the French in the nineteenth century increasingly turned to visual forms of historical representation in a variety of media. Maurice Samuels shows how new kinds of popular entertainment introduced during and after the Revolution transformed the past into a spectacle. The wax display (in which visitors circulated amid life-size statues of historical figures), the phantasmagoria show (in which images of historical personages were projected onto smoke or invisible screens), and the panorama (in which spectators viewed giant circular canvases depicting historical scenes) employed new optical technologies to entice crowds of spectators. Such entertainments, Samuels asserts, provided bourgeois audiences with an illusion of mastery over the past, allowing them to picture their new role as historical agents. Samuels demonstrates how the spectacular mode of historical representation pervaded historiography, drama, and the novel during the Romantic period. He then argues that the early Realist fiction of Balzac and Stendhal emerged as a critique of the spectacular historical imagination. By investigating how postrevolutionary France envisioned the past, Samuels illuminates a vital moment in the cultural history of modernity.
Pierre Birnbaum describes this phenomenon in his Les fous de la République: Histoire politique des juifs d'état de Gambetta à Vichy (Paris: Fayard, 1992). 41. These were Léon Blum, René Mayer, Pierre Mendès-France, Michel Debré, ...
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On Joly, see Pierre-Louis Canler, Mémoires de Canler, ancien chef du service de sûreté 1797–1865, ed. Jacques Brenner (Paris: Mercure de France, 1986), 140. 2. Boigne, Mémoires, 813. Brégeon, La duchesse de Berry, 85.
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I refer to the fact that in his most audacious move yet, Sigüenza, “proprietor of the past,” remythologizes Indian history. One by one, Teatro de virtudes rehabilitates the eleven Aztec rulers into exemplars of nonviolent, clement, ...
Also see Pierre Birnbaum, “Between Social and Political Assimilation: Remarks on the History of the Jews in France,” in Paths of Emancipation: Jews, States, and Citizenship, ed. Pierre Birnbaum and Ira Katznelson (Princeton: Princeton ...
C. Hookway and P. Pettit, Cambridge University Press Hill, J. (1970). Broken K Pueblo: Prehistoric Social Organisation in the American South-West, Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 18, Tucson, Arizona (1972).
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