Fifth Amendment Takings Clause

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THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret and discuss issues surrounding the Fifth Amendment Takings Clause. The selection of decisions spans from 2011 to the date of publication.The law on condemnations and physical takings, which the Supreme Court has described as "as old as the Republic," is governed by the simple rule that "[w]hen the government physically takes possession of an interest in property for some public purpose, it has a categorical duty to compensate the former owner." Tahoe-Sierra Pres. Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Reg'l Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302, 322, 122 S.Ct. 1465, 152 L.Ed.2d 517 (2002). Thus, in physical takings cases, the analysis inevitably focuses on the public use and just compensation requirements. Rancho de Calistoga v. City of Calistoga, 800 F. 3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2015).In contrast to a physical taking, a regulatory taking occurs where "government regulation of private property [is] so onerous that its effect is tantamount to a direct appropriation or ouster." Lingle, 544 U.S. at 537, 125 S.Ct. 2074. Regulatory takings claims, such as the one here, are "of more recent vintage." Tahoe-Sierra, 535 U.S. at 322, 122 S.Ct. 1465. These claims are "characterized by essentially ad hoc, factual inquiries, designed to allow careful examination and weighing of all the relevant circumstances" to determine whether a taking has occurred in the first place. Id. (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). The factors to be considered in this type of factual inquiry are laid out in Penn Central Transportation Company v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104, 124, 98 S.Ct. 2646, 57 L.Ed.2d 631 (1978). Only after it has been determined that a taking has occurred do the issues of public use and just compensation become relevant. Rancho de Calistoga v. City of Calistoga, ibid.

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