In this work Michael Foss casts new light on the reality of and motives behind the Crusades in general, and in particular the First Crusade, which set the tone for all those that followed. As the eleventh century came to an end, the Christian lands of Western Europe were in trouble. Afflicted by repeated invasions from the north, by the collapse of internal order and safety, by the increasing laxity and ignorance of the clergy, and by the unrestrained tyranny of the feudal lords, life in the West was, as one philosopher described it, "nasty, brutish, and short". To make matters worse, the Seljuk Turks, recently converted to Islam, had overrun the Holy Land. Pope Urban II, searching for a way out of the increasing anarchy and to rid himself of unruly, marauding knights, exhorted the faithful, at the Council of Clermont in 1095, to free Jerusalem from the Infidels. The response was immediate and enthusiastic. Proud knights, poor peasants, artisans armed with pikes and bows and arrows - and often only sticks or clubs - set out on the great adventure, fighting or negotiating their way through strange, exotic lands, until, four long years later, the ragged remnants of the once proud army stood below the forbidding walls of Jerusalem. Michael Foss tells the stories of these men and women of the First Crusade, often in their own words, bringing the time and events to life. Through these eyewitness accounts the cliches of history vanish, the distinctions between hero and villain blur: the Saracen is as base or noble, as brave or cruel, as the crusader. In that sense, the fateful clash between Christianity and Islam teaches us a lesson for our own time. For the attitudes and prejudices expressed on both sides in the First Crusade became the basic currency for all later exchanges, down to our own day, between the two great monotheistic faiths of Mohammed and Christ.
The monastic movement founded by Benedict at Monte Cassino had great influence on the subsequent history of the Church . Through the efforts of Pope Gregory , Saint Augustine , and other reformers , Benedict's rules became the accepted ...
mit Spindler - Schülern besetzt « , erregte sich Karl Bosl gegenüber Schlesinger über die Ausdehnung der Münchener Geschichtswissenschaft im Kreis um Max Spindler.80 Doch auch andernorts wurde gelegentlich an den üblichen ...
The medieval period of European history was packed with dramatic events: wars, coronations, pageants and plagues affected everyone.
4 K. E. Lacey , ' Women and work in fourteenth- and fifteenth - century London ' , in L. Charles and L. Duffin ( eds . ) Women and Work in Pre - Industrial England , London , 1985 , pp . 24-82 ; C. M. Barron , ' The “ Golden Age ” of ...
Dawn of the Middle Ages
This is a radical new examination of relations between rulers, nobles, and freemen, the distillation of wide-ranging research by a leading medieval historian. It has revolutionized the way we think of the Middle Ages.
A highly-illustrated series that explores the lives of people in past civilisations
... son of Pippin II 27 Duasdives (Moncontour de Poitou) 38 duke (dux) 22, 44, 50, 51 Eanbald, archbishop of York 112 Eberhard, Master Butler 83 Ebro, valley of the 51, 65, 66, 67, 135 Ebroin, Neustrian Mayor of the Palace 26 Eder, ...
John Fleming has charged David Knowles with obtuseness for not recognizing that when , on the eve of the reformation , the abbot of Fountains wrote to the head of his order at Citeaux that he was sending him a shipment of roses and ...
KOEHLER , E. , ' Observations historiques et sociologiques sur la poésie des troubadours ' , Cahiers de Civilisation ... The Lancashire Pipe Rolls of 31 Henry I and of the reigns of Henry II , Richard I and King John ... also early ...