During the American Revolution, espionage was critical to the successes and failures of both Continental and British efforts, and those employed in cloakand- dagger operations always risked death. While the most notorious episode of spying during the war—the Benedict Arnold affair—was a failure, most intelligence operations succeeded. Spycraft was no more wholly embraced than by the American commander-in-chief, George Washington. Washington relied on a vast spy network and personally designed sophisticated battle plan deceptions and counterintelligence efforts, some surprisingly modern in form. In Invisible Ink: Spycraft of the American Revolution, award-winning author John A. Nagy briefly traces the history of spy techniques from ancient China through Elizabethan England before embarking on the various techniques used by spies on both sides of the war to exchange secret information. These methods included dictionary codes, diplomatic ciphers, dead drops, hidden compartments (such as a hollowed-out bullet or a woman's garter), and even musical notation, as well as efforts of counterintelligence, including “Black Chambers,” where postal correspondence was read by cryptologists. Throughout, the author provides examples of the various codes and ciphers employed, many of which have not been previously described. In addition, the author analyzes some of the key spy rings operating during the war, most notably the Culper ring that provided information to Washington from inside British-controlled New York City. Based on nearly two decades of primary research, including the author's discovery of previously unrecognized spies and methods, Invisible Ink is a major contribution to the history of conflict and technology.
"Succeeding admirably in condensing the best quotes from around twenty thousand letters, this book will awaken some readers to the wit and wisdom of Jefferson, and enable others to rediscover it.
The distress of the Boston garrison was treated as a temporary difficulty which would end as soon as an adequate ... S. enior alarm North British sounded America. officials over King illicit generally George's arms heeded own and ...
An engaging biography of Benjamin Franklin, published on the tricentennial of his birth, offers a marvelous portrait of this towering colonial figure, who, with only two years of formal education, managed to lead one of the most ...
The bloody raid reinforced the hatred and distain that his former countrymen held for Benedict Arnold, but it did little lasting damage. The town of New London was rebuilt, and American privateers soon resumed their operations against ...
Winter Quarters: George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge
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... Serge Corvington, and Jerome Stoker of the American History Division, Maude D. Cole, Francis Mattson, ... Virginia Historical Society: Howson W. Cole; Archivo General de Indias, Seville: Rosario EDITORS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxvii Parra ...
On the day that Lee and Clinton arrived, Thomas Lynch called on William Smith. This fifty-one-year-old grandson of an Irish immigrant was one of the wealthiest men in South Carolina. Yet his Irish ancestry had prompted him to take the ...
Wakin, Daniel J. “Pastor's Call to Arms in 1776 Has Echoes in 2003.” New York Reportin New York Times, March 16, 2003. Warren, ———. “Uniform of the Revolutionary Army.” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Vol.
John C. Miller, Sam Adams (Stanford, Calif.; Stanford University Press, 1936), pp. 343–44. Details on this historiography can be found in Maier, Old Revolutionaries, op.cit., pp. 3-50. Irvin, op.cit., pp. 103-4. Miller, Sam Adams ...