Open systems science is the methodology employed to manage and solve the problems in systems whose operation involves interaction with the outside world, as opposed to being closed and complete within themselves. This new methodology was first announced at the 20th anniversary symposium of Sony CSL in 2008. Falling outside the direct scope of traditional science, an open system usually consists of multiple subsystems with varying numbers, relations and functions. Throughout the last decades, computer scientists, addressing the problems presented by globalization and the massive expansion in the application of new technologies, began to realize that open systems science could provide some of the solutions they were seeking with regard to complex and dependable systems. Starting with a chapter explaining the basic concept of open systems science, this book goes on to present the work of contributors from a variety of different disciplines, who explain how open systems science can be applied to their field. Including topics such as; biological robustness, the application of open systems methods to develop new drugs, the study of language and meaning, the interdisciplinary field of visual computing and user interfaces as the merger between the real and virtual world, this book explores the directions of science and technology in the 21st century and will be of interest to all those involved in the development and operation of complex interactive systems. IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences
Prosess og metode: sosiologisk forskning som ferdighet
This new collection, with six volumes organized by themes, provides readers with a representative sample of the best articles in mixed-methods research that have appeared in SAGE journals.
Row(s): Grp columns(s): Q6 > exact: -monte carlo > Statistics: -chi-squared → Output: Fig 8.18 Fig 8.18 gives the calculated value for Pearson's chi-squared, p = 0.038, but it also gives a 99% confidence interval range for the ...
... dept has facilities for radiographic , serological , biochem and biometrical research ; human skeletal material available inc Pearson and Duckworth Collections , over 15,000 specimens from Neolithic to recent date , representative ...
The genesis of this guide started at a meeting between PKSOI and the Department of Distance Education (DDE) at the Army War College (AWC).
Research: Its Place and Purpose
SECTION 2 LISTING OF PROGRAMS BY STATE Science teacher Margaret L. Young , author of a booklet on science program resources in the Kansas City , Missouri area , wrote : “ There are So many resources in our community which could help ...
A brief guide to help students understand difficult terms in their research courses. This pocket guide is in an ideal supplement to the many discipline specific texts on research methods and statistics.
Le quotidien du chercheur: une chasse aux fantômes?
Research Centers Directory: Descriptive listings