This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Then . . . intersecting one another they give the impression of having forgotten their way in the brain. But this is not the case. In fact, these numerous arteries rejoin and unite like the roots of a tree trunk. . .
Lewis , B. M. , Sokoloff , L. , Wechsler , R. L. , Wentz , W. B. & Kety , S. S. ( 1960 ) . Method for continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in man by means of radioactive krypton ( Kr ? ) . J. clin . Invest . 39 , 707–16 .
Neurotransmitters and the Cerebral Circulation
The text gives an up-to-date review of the state of the art in cerebral autoregulation, which is particularly relevant as cerebral autoregulation moves from the laboratory to the bedside.
Biophysical Aspects of Cerebral Circulation provides a comprehensive review of the cerebral circulatory system. This book consists of four chapters.
Regarding the cerebral veins the clinician has primarily in view the dysfunctions originating from embryogenetic malformations, phlebitic obstruction, tumourous shunts, or traumatic lesions.
These are followed by detailed sections covering all aspects of neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care in both adult and pediatric patients. The final chapter discusses ethical and legal issues.
Peptidergic Mechanisms in the Cerebral Circulation
Cerebral Circulation
This volume contains the papers presented at cluded are the concluding remarks made by the the Sixth International Symposium on Cerebral chairman of each session.