This book is a full-color study of over 500 pre-Clovis stone artifacts of Virginia. With the 22K-year date of the Cinmar bipoint in Virginia, there is ample evidence of artifact classes that are older than Clovis. Over 50 tool types are illustrated and discussed. Artifact single-site collections are documented. The book argues the differences between Holocene biface technology with the blade and core technology of the Pleistocene era. The requirements for identifying Pleistocene artifacts is presented, such as platforms, remaining cortex, and invasive retouch. They are presented in a tool model. Major stones, namely jasper, are discussed as a lithic determinism. The east coast distribution is presented for various tool types. Additionally, as a major focus, cross-Atlantic flake/blade identical tools from Europe are illustrated with Middle Atlantic artifacts. Artifact ergonomics, such as right-left handed tools, hypothetical tool center, are argued. Structural and functional axis are shown and described on how to identify them on tools. Overall, this book presents an initiating view of the archaeology needed to study Pleistocene era artifacts on the American east coast.
Revised - This 350+ -page publication contains over 1250 Clovis points from Virginia.
This full-color publication is a report on the PaleoAmerican Pleistocene site in Clarke County, Virginia.
Paleoindian Research in Virginia: A Synthesis
Timberlake, Henry (1765) The Memoirs of Lieut. Henry Timberlake. London. Tisdale, John W. (1964) The Daniel Cache, Mecklenburg County, Virginia.
The following (not in any order) are contributors: Loy Carter (deceased), Elizabeth Moore, Jim Hartman, William and Alice Giannini, Thomas Hoskins, Donald Selvage (deceased), David Wuester, Tony Overstreet, Jim Brantley, Fred (Fussey) ...
North American Bipoints is a survey of bipoints found in North America. The book contains over two thousand specimens from over thirty-five states, Mexico, and Canada.
The site has tools forms that are unreported in the eastern U.S. Numerous tool classes are legacy tools for Clovis. The book also discusses lanceolate points. It is classified as a PaleoAmerican site.
Lost to time and rediscovered in the 1880s, Fort Ancient sites dot the West Virginia landscape. This volume explores sixteen of these sites, including Buffalo, Logan and Orchard.
The Archaeology of 17th-century Virginia
This work will be of great interest to prehistory archaeologists, especially those working in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States.