The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1991 which led to the Gulf War has given rise to a number of theories which endeavour to explain the underlying causes of the war. In this study the author questions whether it was the personality of Saddam Hussein, the structure of the Iraqi state or the workings of the international political system which made war between Iraq and the American-led alliance inevitable. He examines these three theories in turn, first showing how Saddam's personality and upbringing includes many features which psychologists have detected in the personal backgrounds of other prominent dictators who have launched wars. Secondly, he analyzes the distinctive internal weaknesses of the Iraqi state - sectarian tension between Sunnis and Shi'ites, ethnic conflict between Arabs and Kurds, economic weakness following the debilitating Iran-Iraq war, all presided over by impotent political institutions born of a repressive state machine. The author shows how the country's political elite resorted to scape-goating, and thus a belligerent foreign policy.
Finally the author assesses the formal anarchy of the post-Cold War international system as it affected the Gulf region, and demonstrates how the vacuum in the regional balance of power led Iraq to miscalculate the odds on a successful Western counter-attack against Iraq.
Anderson , F. W. “ Why Did Colonial New Englanders Make Bad Soldiers ? Contractual Principles and Military Conduct during the ... Andre , Louis , Michel le Tellier et l'Organization de l'Armee Monarchique . Paris : Felix Alcan , 1906 .
Holt, F.M., The Mahdist State in the Sudan, Oxford University Press, 1958. Holt, P.M., The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle, Brill, London, 1999. Holt, P.M., and Daly M.W., A History of the Sudan, Pearson Education Ltd, ...
While the KM literature takes licence with Polanyi, it also seems to ignore Nonaka and Takeuchi's rejection ofthe idea that knowledge can be managed as opposed to created (see also Von Krogh et al. 2000).5 Von Krogh et al.
Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Robert S. Litwak and Samuel F. Wells ( Cambridge : Ballinger , 1988 ) , pp . 67-71 , 74 . 14 Walt , Origins of Alliances , pp . 225-27 , and the studies cited there . 15 Ibid . , pp .
For example , the earliest classical philosophers , beginning with Plato , studied the role of culture in the governing process . While Plato did not have a conception of nationalism , or of a dynamic polity — including mobility and ...
... in the inspired Japanese press in support of extremist policies , the unconciliatory and bellicose public utterances of Japanese leaders , and the tactics of covert or overt threat which had 150 AMERICAN FRONTIER ACTIVITIES IN ASIA.
... covert , or semiformal — that were extended to the DPRK by Western governments in the kangsong taeguk period , we might well discover that the ratio of such outside assistance to local commercial earnings began to approach the scale ...
1155-57; and see J. Garry Clifford, "President Truman and Peter the Great's Will," Diplomatic History (Fall 1980): pp. 371-86, especially p. 381n38. 33. Polls cited in Walsh, "What the American People Think of Russia," pp.
This is the latest edition of a major work on the history of American foreign policy. The volume reflects the revisionism prevalent in the field but offers balanced accounts.