Charles Dickens's Great Expectations tells the story of Pip, an English orphan who rises to wealth, deserts his true friends, and becomes humbled by his own arrogance. It also introduces one of the more colorful characters in literature: Miss Havisham. Charles Dickens set Great Expectations during the time that England was becoming a wealthy world power. Machines were making factories more productive, yet people lived in awful conditions, and such themes carry into the story. Pip's life is defined by tragedy. Raised an orphan by his abusive older sister, Pip is beaten, ridiculed, and unwanted for much of his life. His love of Estella goes unrequited until the end of the novel, after the deaths of Miss Havisham and Able Magwitch, two important figures in Pip's life.