L'humanitaire en crise

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Les humanitaires doivent-ils, que ce soit par désespoir, conformité à la mode intellectuelle et morale, ou espoir sans fondement - l'espoir pour l'espoir - continuer à essayer d'être le levier d'Archimède pour l'avènement de la paix perpétuelle, du règne universel du droit, ou simplement, pour reprendre la formulation plus modeste d'Oxfam, d'un monde plus juste ? Après dix années passées à suivre des travailleurs humanitaires de poste en poste - Bosnie, Abkhazie, Soudan, Rwanda, Afghanistan, Angola, Tadjikistan, et tant d'autres lieux de dystopie - je ne peux que dire que j'espère que non. Pour moi, malgré ma réputation de critique de l'aide, ce sont les derniers des justes, ces humanitaires. Il n'y a rien de petit ou d'insuffisant dans ce qu'ils font, sauf dans la mesure humaine tragique que tout effort est insuffisant, toute gloire transitoire, toutes les solutions inadaptées aux situations, toute aide dérisoire par rapport au besoin. De la neutralité prônée par la Croix-Rouge en 1862 à l'engagement politique et au combat pour les Droits de l'homme, les organisations humanitaires non gouvernementales se sont constamment questionnées sur le sens, la valeur et le pouvoir de leur action. David Rieff propose ici une synthèse magistrale des problèmes actuellement débattus au sein de ces organisations : Oxfam, Médecins sans frontières, Action contre la faim... La crise majeure que traverse l'Humanitaire, selon lui, est le risque de " récupération " de son action.

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