Usurpator tanti nominis: Kaiser und Usurpator in der Spätantike (337-476 n. Chr.)

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English summary: The Roman Empire knew no institutionalized process that governed the transfer of power at the head of the empire. A change of government thus often led to crisis situations. Joachim Szidat examines elevations and usurpations of emperors in late antiquity after 337 through to the end of the western Empire in 476. Moreover, he illuminates the time of the tetrarchy and the early Byzantine era up through the middle of the 6th Century. Starting from the analysis of individual cases of exemplary transfers of power, the author works out the general processes in the seizure of power and their political and social circumstances and conditions. As crucial for the transfer and assurance of rule appears to be the role of the new political leadership, particularly emphasizing the great importance of civilian dignitaries that developed during the rule of Constantine. The usurpation therefore constituted a political rather than military problem: the new claimant to power had to be recognized. German text.

German description: Die romische Kaiserzeit kannte kein institutionalisiertes Verfahren, das die Ubergabe der Macht an der Spitze des Reiches regelte. Ein Wechsel der Herrschaft fuehrte daher haufig zu Krisensituationen. Joachim Szidat untersucht Kaisererhebungen und Usurpationen in der Spatantike nach 337 bis zum Ende des Kaisertums im Westen 476. Ausserdem beleuchtet er die Zeit der Tetrarchie und die fruehbyzantische Epoche bis in die Mitte des 6. Jahrhunderts. Ausgehend von der Analyse exemplarischer Einzelfalle arbeitet der Autor die generellen Ablaufe bei der Machtuebernahme sowie ihre politischen und gesellschaftlichen Voraussetzungen und Bedingungen heraus. Als entscheidend fuer die Weitergabe und Sicherung der Herrschaft erscheint dabei die Rolle der sich seit Konstantin bildenden neuen Fuehrungsschicht mit der grossen Bedeutung der zivilen Wuerdentrager. Die Usurpation stellte daher eher ein politisches als ein militarisches Problem dar: Der Pratendent musste Anerkennung finden.

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