Tomas Garrigue Masaryk: sein kritischer Realismus in Auswirkung auf sein Demokratie- und Europaverständnis

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English summary: This volume is dedicated to Tomas G. Masaryk, professor of philosophy, first President of the Czechoslovakian Republic and critical realist. The author examines Masaryk's philosophical works and their application to political reality. A critical realist approach is a precondition for intellectual and societal progress. Before Masaryk himself became actively involved in politics in the late 1880s, he studied current affairs intently and was a driving force in his nation's quest for independence. Masaryk saw in the democratic ideal of the Allied forces the opposing position to the imperialist form of rule of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Masaryk's democratic theory is embedded in a spiritual humanistic agenda. During his presidency, he encouraged the development of autonomy and self-administration of individuals, classes and nations; at the same time he endorsed the idea of a united, democratic Europe. German text. German description: Dieser Band widmet sich Tomas G. Masaryk, Philosophieprofessor, erster Prasident der Tschechoslowakischen Republik und kritischer Realist. Die Autorin untersucht Masaryks philosophische Arbeiten und deren Umsetzung in der politischen Realitat. Eine kritisch-realistische Vorgehensweise ist Voraussetzung fur geistigen und gesellschaftlichen Fortschritt. Bevor Masaryk selbst Ende der 1880er Jahre aktiv in das politische Leben eingriff, studierte er aufmerksam aktuelle gesellschaftliche Geschehnisse und trieb das Streben seiner Nation nach Unabhangigkeit voran. Die Gegenposition zum imperialistischen Herrschaftsmodell der osterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie sieht Masaryk im Demokratieideal der Alliierten. Masaryks Demokratietheorie ist in ein spirituelles humanistisches Programm eingebettet. Wahrend seiner Prasidentschaft entwickeln sich Autonomie und Selbstverwaltung der Individuen, Klassen und Nationen; gleichzeitig befurwortet er die Idee eines geeinten und demokratisch verfassten Europas.

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