清华法治论衡.第21辑，全球化时代的中国与WTO.下
- ISBN-10
- 7302399980
- ISBN-13
- 9787302399988
- Category
- Law
- Language
- Chinese
- Published
- 2018-02-06
- Publisher
- 清華大學出版社
- Author
- 高鸿钧
Description
世界贸易的本质是和平，还是战争？ 乍看起来，这是十分奇怪的问题。战争是暴力相向，而贸易是互通有无。显然，贸易的本质是和平而非战争。而且，贸易是对战争的替代，是化战争为竞争，化劫掠为交换，化异类为商伴的“美妙”之事，是“永久和平”的第一助手。 在世界贸易史中，一叶扁舟、三五驼峰，漂洋过海，穿山越漠，在殊方异俗的文化孤岛之间穿起金丝银线，以契约打破地域悬隔、身份壁垒与血缘分殊，在无根之境中生长信任，在逐利之念里寻求共识，这不啻为人类进化史中的奇迹，是对“非我族类，其心必异”之血族伦理的超越。 早在古希腊的迈锡尼文明时期，在地中海东岸，小亚细亚至北非之间，曾出现一片“新月”地带，在此兴起过商业的热潮。作为亚里士多德笔下古代世界的“七大奇迹”之一，罗德岛的太阳神巨像是指引海商的灯塔；作为人类最早期的法律形式，“罗德法”是一切商法的原始样本。那些勇敢的商人和航海家们，尽管地位与荣耀无法与阿伽门农和阿基里斯相提并论，但其生活与律法深藏在《荷马史诗》的阴影里。 那个时候，商队如同四处飘散的蒲公英，不仅携带着财富的种子，也传播着文化的讯息。在远方，中国的汉代，随着卫青与霍去病的铁骑横扫漠北，张骞持节走向西域，丝绸之路成为联结欧亚的纽带，人类的宇宙视域有了全新的尺度。在这条道路上，不仅曾有驼铃的回响，还有白马驮经的传说。天竺逸事激励着一代代僧侣向西天而去，汉唐风物吸引着一个个圣徒向东土而来。直到唐代，这条道路迎来了伟大的唐僧。与此相对，在亚洲大陆的南端，一条蓝色的丝绸之路从广州向印度半岛延伸。4世纪，当法显坐上西去的白帆，他心中的佛国梦与同船商旅的财富梦绑定在一起。在法显的目的地，一些游离于乡村的吠舍和首陀罗们来到城市，成为新的商人和手工业者，并作了耆那教的信徒或佛教的金主。 此后，伊斯兰旋风在欧亚之间升起，穆斯林商人随着它的骑兵登上舞台，新月旗帜下的商队携带着从马格里布到耶路撒冷的商业信件，穿过大洋与大陆，信里诉说着信任与背叛，传递着战机与商机。直到11世纪，因蛮族入侵和伊斯兰劫掠而趋于冰冷的地中海才恢复商业的热度。威尼斯商人的大三角帆徜徉在昔日罗马的内湖，而古罗马法学家转世为公证人，以无比的威严为南北的商旅决疑。不愿束缚于土地和附庸于领主的商人们积聚于城市，凭借誓约成了“兄弟”，不仅向昔日的主子索要特许状，还要自定宪法，自我管理，于是罗密欧与朱丽叶成了情人，安东尼与夏洛克成了仇敌。那个时候，奥列隆岛上的女子正在精心编制商人间的惯例，据说这一本商法与古老的“罗德法”有着神秘的关系。
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