文学批评的方法论研究(Research on Methodology of Literary Criticism)
- ISBN-10
- 7516147419
- ISBN-13
- 9787516147412
- Category
- Literary Criticism
- Pages
- 413
- Language
- Chinese
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Publisher
- BEIJING BOOK CO. INC.
- Author
- 杜宁
Description
文学批评的方法论同文学的本体论是相一致的，文学本体论是人们对于文学本原的认识或者说对文学本质的界说，文学批评的方法论是在一定本体论基础上形成的一整套观察、分析、解释、评价文学作品的认识模式和价值标准。因此，有什么样的文学本体论就有什么样的批评方法论。但是20世纪的文学本体论与古典主义、浪漫主义、实证主义的本体论有了本质的不同，在反本质主义思潮的影响下，人们逐渐放弃了那种像看待物理世界中的物体一样来看待文学作品的观点，文学作品作为一个纯然客观的实体性存在的观点遭到普遍质疑，同时，在对于文学本体存在的思考中，阅读和批评对于作品的构成功能逐渐被发现，文学批评对于作品的建构性成了新的理论解释作品存在的一个重要依据。既然批评已经参与建构了作品，已经介入了作品的存在，那么，有什么样的批评方法就会生成什么样的作品。因此，批评的方法论取代文学本体论已成为批评理论发展的新趋势。(Methodology of literary criticism is consistent with ontology of literature. Ontology of literature is people’s understanding of literary origin or definition of literary essence. Methodology of literary criticism is a complete set of understanding pattern and value standard of observing, analyzing, interpreting and evaluating literary works formed on certain basis of ontology. Therefore, literary ontology determines the type of criticism methodology. However, literary ontology of 20th Century is essentially different from ontology of classicism, romanticism and positivism. Under the influence of the ideological trend of anti-essentialism, people gradually gave up the viewpoint of regarding literary works as objects in physical world. The viewpoint that literary works exist as purely objective substantive objects was widely questioned. Moreover, in the thinking of the existence of literary noumenon, constitutional function of reading and criticism for works was gradually discovered. Constructivism of literary criticism for works became an important basis for explaining existence of works with new theories. Since criticism has participated in construction of works and has been involved in the existence of works, critical methods determine the types of works created. Therefore, replacing literary ontology with methodology of criticism has become a new trend of the development of critical theory.)
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