The earth’s cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth’s fresh water. It exists at almost all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, and plays a vital role in controlling the global climate system. It also provides direct visible evidence of the effect of climate change, and, therefore, requires proper understanding of its complex dynamics. This encyclopedia mainly focuses on the various aspects of snow, ice and glaciers, but also covers other cryospheric branches, and provides up-to-date information and basic concepts on relevant topics. It includes alphabetically arranged and professionally written, comprehensive and authoritative academic articles by well-known international experts in individual fields. The encyclopedia contains a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; permafrost degradation; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; and trends of glacier retreat on the global scale along with the impact of climate change. This book can serve as a source of reference at the undergraduate and graduate level and help to better understand snow, ice and glaciers. It will also be an indispensable tool containing specialized literature for geologists, geographers, climatologists, hydrologists, and water resources engineers; as well as for those who are engaged in the practice of agricultural and civil engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, ecosystem management, and other relevant subjects.
Rock Glaciers
This book provides a review of mechanical ice drilling technology, including the design, parameters, and performance of various tools and drills for making holes in snow, firn and ice.
It consists of chapters on the six major continental land regions, polar regions, small islands, and the ocean. ... and by 20° latitude × 60° longitude grid boxes Impacts: Agriculture by continent (7 regions); ecosystem impacts for 4 ...
It consists of chapters on the six major continental land regions, polar regions, small islands, and the ocean. ... and by 20° latitude × 60° longitude grid boxes Impacts: Agriculture by continent (7 regions); ecosystem impacts for 4 ...
U.S. GPO, Washington, pp 1–93 Mayer C, Lambrecht A, Belo M, Smiraglia C, Diolaiuti G (2006) Glaciological characteristics of the ... Z Gletschkd Glazialgeol 14:93–209 von Klebelsberg R (1938) Die Zusammensetzung des Talgletscher.
An Earth with moving plates and a turbulent atmosphere has always been a hazardous place for humanity. ... and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters Biological and Environmental Hazards, Risks, ...
ARNE FOLDVIK See also Circumpolar Deep Water; Continental Shelves and Slopes; Ice Shelves; Polynyas and Leads in the Southern Ocean; Southern Ocean: Fronts and Frontal Zones; Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Circulations in the Southern ...
Vanishing Ice is a powerful depiction of the dramatic transformation of the cryosphere—the world of ice and snow—and its consequences for the human world.
... glacier lake outbursts: a case study in the Swiss Alps”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 2002, pp. 316-330. Jiskoot H., “Glacier surging”, in Singh V.P., Singh P. and Haritashya (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers ...
This book provides an updated discussion of snow and glacier hydrology, drawing on the results of recent investigations.