Policies and interventions to improve population health and well-being and to achievethe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) should be informed by high-qualityresearch evidence, including evidence derived from locally conducted researchwhere available and appropriate. Major challenges persist in strengthening thegeneration and use of research evidence. These include securing sufficient researchfunding, building adequate capacity, avoiding poorly targeted, low-quality researchproduction and underutilizing research findings. Developing or strengthening anational health research system (NHRS) has been proposed as a way of addressingthose challenges in order to improve health. Many countries, including in the WHOEuropean Region, do not have comprehensive national health research policies orstrategies in place that would facilitate the introduction of a systems approach.Countries often struggle both to increase the production of relevant research thatis used and to draw sufficiently on the global stock of evidence.