In December 2016, Ipsos, London Economics and Deloitte were commissioned by the European Commission to conduct a study on online market segmentation through personalised pricing/offers in the European Union (EU). The main aim of this study was to explore: - the nature and prevalence of online personalised practices (ranking of offers/pricing/targeted advertising); - whether businesses are transparent about online personalisation; - consumers' awareness and perception of online personalised practices and problems experienced; - and the economic value/effects of personalised pricing/ranking of offers.